Researchers in India conducted a self-funded analysis of 36 popular protein supplements and found that nearly 70 percent of them were mislabeled as having more protein than advertised. Other findings include the presence of fungal toxins, pesticides and heavy metals.
This transparent self-funded report on popular protein brands sold in the Indian market revealed interesting, intriguing and worrying findings: most protein supplements did not contain labeled and advertised protein content; certain brands contained more protein than labeled or advertised, raising concerns about increased protein/amino; fungal toxins and pesticide residues were identifiable even in supposedly good brands; heavy metals that negatively affect human health, such as lead and arsenic, were found in many mainstream formulations; and the presence of wide types of potentially toxic compounds, such as industrial solvents and volatile organic compounds, within a heterogeneous and non-standardized ingredient environment, the researchers wrote medicine.
Dr Cyriac Abby Phillips, the author of this paper, believes there is growing concern about hepatotoxicity and possible links to liver injury, failure and death.
Citing similar cases of mislabeling and contamination in the US, Dr Abby drew parallels between the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and India’s Food Safety and Standards Authority (FSSAI), which do not require manufacturers to obtain their approval. before the sale. Instead, they regulate good manufacturing practices.
The implications
He said the current regulatory framework for food, nutritional, herbal and dietary supplements in India was broken, apathetic and vacillating. He feels that the FSSAI can make more efforts to identify low-quality products and make these findings transparent to the public, while imposing tougher penalties on those who violate food safety norms.
He attributes the presence of harmful substances in protein supplements to the lack of good manufacturing practices and poor selection of ingredients.
For example, whey protein is not toxic to human health. It is a complete protein with better digestibility and high bioavailability. But when whey protein is mixed with other ingredients such as botanicals or herbal blends, the chances of contamination increase. This was clearly demonstrated in our study where protein supplements based on herbal blends were more contaminated than pure whey nutritional supplements. Contamination can occur from the primary source (due to inadequate processing), manufacturing machinery (due to common use in the preparation of a wide range of products) and processing materials, transport and storage conditions and environmental sources, said Dr. Abby, who emphasized that the study adheres to all relevant regulatory standards or guidelines for product testing and is therefore accurate.
However, Sandeep Gupta, founder and CEO of the Expert Nutraceutical Advocacy Council (ENAC), said there should be a more nuanced approach to testing products.
In each of these products, the combination of ingredients is different. For example, some brands combine protein with herbal ingredients, while others combine protein with multivitamins. The method of analysis should never be the same for different products unless the combination of ingredients is identical.
This is because different ingredients interact with each other in various ways. The dynamics of each type of combination can cause protein peaks or a drop in the protein level.
Gupta also stressed that it is important to have findings validated by at least three different certified agencies before drawing conclusions.
As for the researchers who claim that products made in India were inferior to those made by multinational companies, Gupta said none of these companies have manufacturing facilities. In fact, they are all manufactured by a third party in India, which receives the protein sources from different parts of the world.
If we want to bring protein to India, why not put the burden of ensuring the quality and safety of this raw material on the supplier? Let them produce certificates, conduct tests or anything else that needs to be done before taking it to India, said Gupta.
Dr Abby, however, believes that the primary responsibility lies with government regulatory bodies.
If they are strict, manufacturers, suppliers and trade associations will fall into place. Periodic reviews, safety assessments, quality control, and letters of concern must be provided to manufacturers and others engaged in the sale of nutritional supplements, and these letters of concern must be made public. This ensures that the public can trust government regulation and that product quality assessment is transparent.
On the other hand, Gupta believes that all stakeholders have an equal responsibility to ensure the quality and safety of each product.
This includes the regulator, the food business operator and the supplier. Each part must be self-regulating and adhere to good manufacturing practices.
Currently, the manufacturer must ensure the safety of the content of protein supplements, while the content and labeling are controlled by the FSSAI based on the test results submitted by the manufacturer, which are not made public.
This prompted Dr. Abby to lead a study to analyze popular protein products and provide transparency regarding content, labeling, adulteration and contamination.
The study
Over the course of two months, the researchers obtained 36 popular herbal and protein-based dietary supplements from authorized manufacturers and distributors.
All products were tested for protein, fungal toxins, pesticides, heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, thallium and copper), steroids and other organic or inorganic elements.
Of 36 products, nine had less than 40% detected protein content, while the rest had more than 60%. In total, 25 protein supplements (69.4%) were incorrectly labeled as to protein content; that is to say, the protein content per 100g detected in the analysis was lower than that advertised on the product, with a deficit of approximately 1050%; Five of the 36 samples (13.9%) were found to be contaminated with aflatoxins; three samples (8.3%) were found to be contaminated by traces of pesticides; none of the protein powders contained mercury or thallium. Traces of arsenic were detected in five samples, cadmium in 10 (27.8%), lead in 27 (75%) and copper in 34 (94.4%) samples.
Some of them contained herbal extracts such as green tea, curcumin, ashwagandha and garcinia cambogia, which the researchers labeled as well-documented inherent hepatotoxic herbal ingredients, meaning it can cause damage to the liver
The researchers also noted that a higher protein content could suggest good quality protein sources used in manufacturing or could also be part of protein or amino acid augmentation, where supplement manufacturers intentionally add cheaper protein components, such as the deceptively available amino acids glycine and taurine. shows a high protein content.
Towards improving food safety and quality
Gupta stressed that he neither challenges nor agrees with Dr. Abby’s findings. Rather, he believes it is important for the appropriate institutions to address the issues raised by these findings.
The people with the right to power, who set the rules and regulations for the good of the public, and who have the proper resources to carry out checks and balances, should be the ones to monitor the challenges facing the drug industry. protein supplements.
For Gupta, the important questions to ask are: Do these agencies have the right infrastructure or equipment to conduct testing and analysis? Are they using the right methods to study the products? Have these methods been validated by the authorities?
After all, this report can only enlighten. It can form the basis for further research.
Everything is in the interest of public health. We have to be sensible and responsible because our own families and loved ones are there too and could be consuming anything you are making. So treat everyone as your own.
Gupta said India has one of the most advanced regulatory systems in the world to monitor the safety and quality of food products, but individual stakeholders must do their part to ensure consumer welfare.
The FSSAI is the central authority that oversees the rules and regulations. It is supported by the regional authorities, which in turn are supported by the state authorities. Therefore, there is adequate infrastructure to regulate good manufacturing practices. The laboratories to which the protein powders are sent for testing were all approved by FSSAI. These laboratories are periodically certified from time to time, and random checks will be carried out.
There are online channels for the public to raise complaints or concerns, and the FSSAI will order checks on the affected product.
The FSSAI takes these matters very seriously, and any person or company found in breach of the regulations will be severely penalised. said Gupta.
Source: medicine
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037724
Citizen Protein Project: A Self-Funded, Transparent and Concerned Report on Analysis of Popular Protein Supplements Sold in the Indian Market
Authors: Philips, Cyriac Abby; Theruvath, Arif Hussain et al.
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