Advice to the media
Wednesday, May 1, 2024
The NIH-funded project in rats also finds widespread differences between male and female organisms.
What
A large research project in young adult rats has found that all body tissues tested respond to exercise training, totaling more than 35,000 biological molecules that respond and adapt to resistance exercise over time, including organ tissues not usually associated with exercise. The researchers also found differences in responses between male and female rats that were more widespread than expected, highlighting the importance of including animals of both sexes in preclinical research. The effort, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), used data from thousands of analyzes of 19 tissue types and identified molecular changes in genes, proteins and metabolites, which are substances essential to an organism’s metabolism particular or for a particular metabolic process. The findings are published in a group of papers in Nature.
Although molecular changes were observed in all tissues, the way in which each tissue responded was unique. For example, effects on the functions of mitochondria, which are cellular centers for energy production and metabolism, were observed throughout the body, but the specific changes observed varied by tissue. For example, the researchers found that mitochondria in the adrenal gland responded substantially to resistance training, including a change in the regulation of nearly half of the genes associated with mitochondria. This was surprising, as the adrenal glands had not previously been explored in detail for their role in exercise.
Furthermore, differences in molecular responses to resistance exercise were found between young male and female rats in most tissues tested, including brain, adrenal gland, lung, and adipose tissue. The scientists discovered surprising differences in the responses between the sexes in white adipose tissue, findings that may play a role in research into how exercise interventions might be recommended for men or women suffering from conditions such as obesity. Differences between the sexes’ responses to exercise in humans or animals have not been well characterized, and these findings emphasize the need to include both sexes in future exercise research to fully understand their role in health.
By tracking the impact of exercise on biological molecules in humans and rats, scientists are creating a map of the body’s molecular changes after exercise. Rat studies allow a wider range of tissue types to be analyzed compared to human studies, and the resulting knowledge will allow a variety of hypotheses to be explored and guide researchers in their analysis of human data.
Researchers are currently conducting a human exercise study that will improve our understanding of why the body responds to exercise and how much the response varies for people of different ages, sexes, body compositions and fitness levels physics In the long term, this knowledge could make it possible for doctors to recommend specific, personalized exercise regimens to their patients to treat or prevent a variety of diseases and health conditions.
The NIH Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), launched in 2016 to discover how exercise improves and maintains our health at the molecular level, is funded by the NIH Common Fund, overseen in collaboration with the National Institute of Aging, the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Renal Diseases. For a list of current projects, visit https://commonfund.nih.gov/MolecularTransducers/fundedresearch. For more information on adult and pediatric clinical trials, visit clinicaltrials.gov under NCT03960827 and NCT04151199 or visit the recruitment webpage for more information on how you can participate.
The data produced through this research project is publicly available for further analysis and direct download to encourage further hypotheses from the biomedical community.
WHO
Concepcion Nierras, Ph.D., Office of the Director, Office of Strategic Coordination
reference
MoTrPAC Study Group. “Temporal Dynamics of the Multiomic Response to Resistance Exercise Training” Nature 2024. DOI Number: 10.1038/s41586-023-06877-w
About the NIH Common Fund: The NIH Common Fund fosters collaboration and supports a range of programs of exceptional impact across NIH. Common Fund programs are managed by the Office of Strategic Coordination in the Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives in the Office of the Director of the NIH in collaboration with the NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices. More information is available on the Common Fund website: https://commonfund.nih.gov.
About the National Institutes of Health (NIH):NIH, the nation’s medical research agency, includes 27 institutes and centers and is a component of the US Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the lead federal agency that conducts and supports basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.
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